Cultural Literacy for Preserving the Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta: A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the role of cultural literacy in preserving the Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2023. A qualitative case study design was employed, combining semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), field observations, and document analysis, including digital content from the official Instagram account @sumbufilosofi. The findings show that the initial top-down strategy effectively introduced the designation of the Cosmological Axis along with its underlying Javanese philosophical values. However, this approach proved insufficient to sustain long-term community engagement and often generated tensions in urban governance. Dialogical forums, such as Rembukan and Jagongan Kampung, can foster trust, build consensus, and strengthen community ownership. At the same time, social media functions as a tool of cultural literacy by translating cosmological concepts into accessible narratives, engaging younger generations, and reinforcing collective pride. Integrating cultural literacy into heritage governance can help mitigate resistance to policy, enhance local stewardship, and transform heritage from static monuments into a living, dynamic cultural identity.