Enhancing Regenerative Agriculture Systems in Karst Landscape Based on Biophysical Properties and Farmers’ Practices

Abstract

Conventional farming practices can lead to soil degradation and a decline in productivity. In the era of the climate change, regenerative agriculture (RA) is considered one of the the solutions to these issues. This research aimed to investigate the the potential of RA implementation in areas of Karst in Pacarejo, Semanu, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta,, based on the existing land characteristicscharacteristics and farmers’ practices in the area. Some investigations were conducted through characterisation and observation of biophysical aspects, including soil, vegetation, and water resources,resources, as well as socioeconomicsocial-economic conditions. Some soil physical and chemical properties, vegetative growth of teak trees, and litter accumulation at three different locations in variably sloping lands in the Teak Plantation Station UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta were investigated. The social and economic conditions of the local farmers were described based on direct discussions and questionnaires handed to 10 farmers. Collected data showed that most soils were generally thin, with similar physical and chemicalchemical properties, and low fertilityfertility, especially in N, P, and K nutrients, and resulting in relatively low growth of the teak trees. However, the living teak plantation and terraces support soil conservation. Farming activities mostly occur during the rainy season and with a limited number of crops to grow. Currently, farmers have been well aware of the need to balance both organic and inorganic fertilizers. In conclusion, these areas can be potentially used for developing regenerative agriculture systems.