Non-Invasive Anemia Screening Using Nails and Palms Photos

Authors

  • Mangaras Yanu Florestiyanto Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
  • Nandha Juniaroesita Peksi Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31098/ess.v1i1.124

Keywords:

anemia, image processing, classification, Naïve Bayes

Abstract

Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level is below standard. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color and is tasked with helping red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body, including essential body organs such as the heart, kidneys, and other organs. So that if anemia is allowed to drag on, it will interfere with the function of these organs and cause various kinds of diseases.This study applies the Naive Bayes method to detect anemia using digital images of the nails and palms as parameters. The image processing method used in this research is image segmentation in digital images of nails and palms so that they are separated from the background using the threshold method, after which the mean values of Red, Green, Blue, and their standard deviation are found. Furthermore, the value obtained will be processed using the Naïve Bayes classification method to categorize the palm image data entered into the anemia or non-anemia category. The proposed method achieves 90 percent accuracy for the paleness classification of nails and palms pictures. The proposed paleness screening method can be further fine-tuned to identify the intensity of anemia-like pathologies by using a controlled collection of local images that can then be used for potential benchmarking purposes.

References

Aparna, V., Sarath, T. V. and Ramachandran, K. I. (2017) 'Simulation model for anemia detection using RBC counting algorithms and Watershed transform,' 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies, ICICICT 2017, pp. 284–291. DOI: 10.1109/ICICICT1.2017.8342575.

Chen, Y. M., Miaou, S. G. and Bian, H. (2016) 'Examining palpebral conjunctiva for anemia assessment with image processing methods,' Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 137, pp. 125–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.08.025.

Dimauro, G. et al. (2018) 'Automatic Segmentation of Relevant Sections of the Conjunctiva for Non-Invasive Anemia Detection,' 2018 3rd International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, SpliTech 2018. University of Split, FESB, pp. 1–5.

Duke, W. W. (1928) 'Palm Color Test : A Simple, Practical Clinical Method For The Diagnosis of Anemia and Plethora', Archive of Internal Medicine, 42(4), pp. 533–545.

Sanchez-Carrillo, C. I. et al. (1989) 'Test of a non-invasive instrument for measuring hemoglobin concentration,' International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 5(4), pp. 659–667. DOI: 10.1017/S0266462300008527.

Sheth, T. N. et al. (1997) 'The relation of conjunctival pallor to the presence of anemia,' Journal of General Internal Medicine, 12(2), pp. 102–106. DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.00014.x.

Suner, S. et al. (2007) 'Non-Invasive Determination of Hemoglobin by Digital Photography of Palpebral Conjunctiva', Journal of Emergency Medicine, 33(2), pp. 105–111. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.02.011.

Tamir, A. et al. (2018) 'Detection of anemia from the image of the anterior conjunctiva of the eye by image processing and thresholding,' 5th IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference 2017, R10-HTC 2017, 2018-Janua, pp. 697–701. DOI: 10.1109/R10-HTC.2017.8289053.

WHO (2012) 'Anaemia Policy Brief,' (6), pp. 1–7. Available at: http://www.who.int//iris/bitstream/10665/148556/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.4_eng.pdf.

Yalçin, S. S. et al. (2007) 'The validity of pallor as a clinical sign of anemia in cases with beta-thalassemia,' Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 49(4), pp. 408–412.

Zucker, J. R. et al. (1997) 'Clinical signs for the recognition of children with moderate or severe anemia in western Kenya,' Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 75(SUPPL. 1), pp. 97–102.

Downloads

Published

2020-10-27

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (1): October 2020

Section

Articles

License

Copyright Notice 

1. Author and Manuscript

  • The author whose name appear in the above statement is declaring that he/she is the author of the stated manuscript
  • All of the authors, if any, has already aware of this agreement and give consent for the mentioned name to act on their behalf


2. Validity

  • The author stated that the manuscript is original and has never been published elsewhere.
  • The author has obtained permissions from other contributors, if any
  • The author has specifically mentioned and cited all external materials properly
  • Note: External materials refers to any material, writings, figures, tables, illustrations, or any other materials which is not being produced, made, or patented by the author
  • The author holds the sole responsible should there are any mistyping; unclear citation and holds responsible should there are any inappropriate manners such as unlawful, breaches, obscene, or any other reasons which are not aligned with the law and norm.

3. Deliverable of Manuscript and Other Materials

  • The Contributor/Author shall deliver their manuscript using the provided and acceptable format (doc. Or docx) in the assigned date as well as author copyright document signed.
  • Inability delivering the manuscript in the stated date and format will affecting the publication process thus, The Publisher have the rights to reject the manuscript and terminate the letter of acceptance or letter of offerings
  • Author is responsible to deliver the manuscript using the provided format. Note: All of the figures, tables, illustrations, or any other materials that will be inserted in the manuscript need to be in high quality
  • Should the author decided to alter the manuscript format, the fee will be charged and bore by authors

The Author give “Yayasan Sinergi Riset dan Edukasi” (here forth known as RSF Press) the unlimited right to publish the contribution identified above, without any restraints, in any form, at any time, directly or through others, to reproduce, transmit, archive, lease/lend, sell and distribute the contribution or parts thereof individually or together with other works in any language, revision and version (digital and hard), including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, audiograms, videograms, electronic form (offline, online), or any other reproductions of similar nature, including publication in the aforementioned book or any other book, as well as, the usage for advertising purposes. RSF Press will ensure that the Author’s name(s) is/are always clearly associated with the manuscript, and the publishers will not make any substantial change to the manuscript without consulting the author and ask for their consent. RSF Press is also entitled to carry out editorial changes in the contribution with the sole purpose of enhancing the overall organization and form of the contribution.

The Author retains the rights to publish the contribution in his/her own web site and thesis, in his/her employer’s web site and to publish a similar or revised version elsewhere, as long as it is clearly stated that the contribution was presented first RSF Press and the corresponding DOI is associated with the contribution.